Energy Utilization of Algae Biomass Waste Enteromorpha Resulting in Green Tide in China: Pyrolysis Kinetic Parameters Estimation Based on Shuffled Complex Evolution

Enteromorpha is a species of algae biomass that is spread widely and has resulted in green tides in China in recent years. It was urgent to explore an appropriate method for taking advantage of the ocean waste as an energy supply in the current sustainable development. Pyrolysis, as the first step of thermochemical conversion in energy utilization, was given attention in order to study its behavior based on thermogravimetric experiments over a wide heating-rate range from 5 to 60 K/min. The whole pyrolysis process was divided into three stages: water evaporation, the main components decomposition, and carbonate decomposition. To estimate the detailed kinetic parameters (activation energy, the pre-exponential factor, and reaction order etc.), the Kissinger method was used to establish the original kinetic parameters at different stages and provide the parameter search range for the next heuristic algorithm, and then the Shuffled Complex Evolution optimization algorithm was coupled and first applied to the algae biomass pyrolysis. Eventually, the predicted results of mass loss rate based on the optimized kinetic parameters agreed well with the thermogravimetric experimental data, with the R-2 value being up to 0.92 for all the heating rates.