Scrophularia buergeriana attenuates allergic inflammation by reducing NF-κB activation

Background: Scrophularia buergeriana Miq. (Scrophulariaceae) (SB) has been used as an oriental medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as neuritis and pharyngolaryngitis. Purpose: We explored the therapeutic effects of S. buergeriana ethanol extract (SBE) on airway inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Methods: Mice were intraperitoneally injected with OVA on days 0 and 14 to elevate the immune response. On days 21 to 23, the mice were challenged with OVA solution and SBE (20 and 40 mg/kg) was administered daily by oral gavage from days 18 to 23. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with SBE 1 h before LPS stimulation. Results: SBE administration effectively suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration, the expression of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, and IL-17, immunoglobulin E, and airway hyperresponsiveness in an OVA-induced allergic asthma model. A reduction in histological alterations, including airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion, was observed. These effects of SBE were accompanied by a decrease in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) phosphorylation. These responses were observed in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. SBE treatment reduced the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6, and MMP-9, and NF-kappa B phosphorylation, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion: Our results indicated that SBE effectively attenuated airway inflammation in an OVA-induced allergic asthma model. These properties of SBE were thought to be involved in the suppression of NF-kappa B phosphorylation, suggesting that the material has the potential to regulate the development of allergic asthma.