Calix[n]arenes as protein sensors

The use of calix[n]arene derivatives for the sensing of proteins is described. Initially the properties of the calix[n]arenes are described. in order to better understand how the calix[n]arenes may be used for protein sensors, a detailed survey of the interactions between the molecules and amino acids and peptide is presented. The known complexes between proteins and various calix[n]arene derivatives is described and the biological activity of the molecules summarised. The use of calix[n]arenes as protein sensors observed by Schrader using amphiphilic calix[n]arenes shows that these molecules may allow nanomolar sensing. The major section of the work deals with the development of a para-sulfonato-calix[n]arene-based system for the prion protein responsible for bovine spongiform encephalitis and variant-Creutzfeldt-Jacobs disease(v-CJD) in humans. initially, the development of the test was based on a Western Blot detection, however, the need for large scale testing after the discovery that blood transfusion may lead to infection with v-CJD led to the transfer of the technology to an ELISA-based test.