An ensemble of a boosted hybrid of deep learning models and technical analysis for forecasting stock prices

For several years the modeling as well as forecasting of the prices of stocks have been extremely challenging for the business community and researchers as a result of the existence of noise in samples and also the non-stationary behaviour of information samples. Notwithstanding these drawbacks with improved deep learning, it is now possible to design schemes that will efficiently perform the feature learning task. For this work, we proposed a brand-new end to end algorithm labeled EHTS toward solving the stock price forecasting problem. The AB - CNN and CB - LSTM modules extract features from the stock price dataset and soon after amalgamating the results. Thus, the output of the concatenation stage was feed into the concluding stage which is a stand-alone MLP module. The inclusion of the LSTM and Attention Mechanism in our architecture is to extract long-range and exceptionally long-term stock price information. We experiment the proposed algorithm on two popular stocks both from the NYSE stock market namely "Johnson & Johnson" code-named, "JNJ" and the Bank of America (BAC). In terms of the rMSE, MAE and MAPE error metrics, our proposed scheme gives the lowest error value in all for all datasets. Also, five percentage training window sizes are experimented and EHTS outperforms all the baseline schemes for the different window sizes in all the two datasets with the 70% window size having the highest performance. In terms of number of epochs, EHTS uses the lowest number of epochs for training than the other schemes in all the datasets. Finally, we as well study our stock's information to point out short-range trading opportunities by performing simulations on our stock price data. The metrics considered in the simulation are as follows: Moving Average (MA), Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) curve, MACD histogram, Signal line, Relative Strength Index (RSI), Returns (R), Annual Returns (AR), Sharpe Ratio (SR), Annual Volatility (V), Maximum DrawDown (MDD) and Daily WinningRate (DWR). For all the aforementioned metrics, EHTS performs better than the baselines. Experimental results revealed that our proposed scheme outperformed the stand-alone deep learning schemes, statistical algorithms, and machine learning models from the beginning to the end. (C) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.