Serum microRNA profiles in patients with chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or drug-induced liver injury

Purpose: Some blood biomarkers or histological examination by liver biopsy are used for the diagnosis of liver diseases in clinics. However, conventional blood biomarkers show poor specificity and sensitivity, and liver biopsy is highly invasiveness. Therefore, to overcome such disadvantages, specific/sensitive and noninvasive options are desirable. In recent years, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been acknowledged for their potential as disease markers. Actually, several miRNAs have been reported to be biomarker candidates of liver diseases. However, these earlier studies were performed for one disease. Therefore, the specificity as biomarkers was not guaranteed, because they didn't study for the other types of liver injury. In this study, we examined if circulating miRNA could distinguish different types of liver diseases. Methods: Serum miRNA profiles in 28 patients with chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or drug-induced liver injury as well as 4 control subjects were determined by TaqMan MicroRNA Array analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) of selected miRNAs was performed. Results: We identified 37 miRNAs whose levels were significantly different between any of the groups. Although individual miRNAs could not distinguish different types of liver diseases, probably because of similar liver pathology, their profiling by PCA could classify different liver disease groups. Conclusions: The profiling of the selected miRNAs can be useful to distinguish different types of liver diseases.