Augmented reality technology combined with three-dimensional holography to train the mental rotation ability of older adults

A decline in the cognitive ability of mental rotation causes a poor sense of spatial direction and environmental cognitive capacity. Currently, training tasks for the elderly thus affected are still presented in 2D form. However, clinical research indicates that this strategy generates a cognitive load that reduces the interest of the trainees and diminishes the effects of training. In contrast, augmented reality (AR) is a rising solution that effectively reduces cognitive load, improves the sense of spatial direction of the elderly, and helps increase interest in training. We recruited 28 elderly (age >= 65 years) for this study. Fourteen were randomly assigned to an active Intervention group and were given AR-based 3D hologram (AR-3DH) mental rotation training, and 14 were assigned to a group that used the traditional 2D model. Both groups took ABA-designed pre- and post-tests that required inferring the rotating shapes' states from standard mental rotation tasks. Change scores for the two groups were compared using error rates and reaction times as covariates. After six-week of training, the mental rotation ability, of the Intervention group improved through the use of AR-3DH training system during the intervention phase. The practical and developmental implications of the findings are discussed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.