Generalization of the second law for a transition between nonequilibrium states

被引：64

作者：

Takara, K. ^{[1
]}

Hasegawa, H. -H. ^{[1
,2
]}

Driebe, D. J. ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] Ibaraki Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan

[2] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Complex Quantum Syst, Austin, TX 78712 USA

[3] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ Worldwide, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33309 USA

来源：

PHYSICS LETTERS A | 2010年 / 375卷 / 02期

关键词：

FREE-ENERGY DIFFERENCES; MECHANICS; ENTROPY;

D O I：

10.1016/j.physleta.2010.11.002

中图分类号：

O4 [物理学];

学科分类号：

0702 ;

摘要：

The maximum work formulation of the second law of thermodynamics is generalized for a transition between nonequilibrium states. The relative entropy, the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the nonequilibrium states and the canonical distribution, determines the maximum ability to work. The difference between the final and the initial relative entropies with an effective temperature gives the maximum dissipative work for both adiabatic and isothermal processes. Our formulation reduces to both the Vaikuntanathan-Jarzynski relation and the nonequilibrium Clausius relation in certain situations. By applying our formulation to a heat engine the Carnot cycle is generalized to a circulation among nonequilibrium states. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：88 / 92

页数：5

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