Retrospective comparison of dental and skeletal effects in the treatment of Class II malocclusion between Herbst and Xbow appliances

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to compare dentoskeletal changes produced by Herbst and Xbow appliances in late mixed/early permanent dentition patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion to an untreated control group. Methods: The retrospective cohort consisted of 41 patients treated with the Herbst appliance on average for 14 months (mean age of 11.3 years), 41 patients treated with Xbow appliance on average for 14 months (mean age of 11.11 years), and an untreated control sample of 25 patients followed on average for 21 months (mean age of 11.9 years). All patients had Class II Division 1 malocclusion characteristics. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken before and after phase 1 treatment/follow-up. Data were analyzed by an analysis of variance followed by Tukey post-hoc tests. Results: Although there was a high equivalence among the groups in the pretreatment cephalometric values, 4 variables showed differences (U6-FHp, L6FHp, LAFH, and PP-U1). When comparing the mean changes (before and after phase 1 treatment/follow-up), incisor mandibular plane angle (IMPA), Wits appraisal, L6-FHp, Co-Pog, and PP-U1 measurements showed statistically significant differences. In addition, more relative mesial movement of the mandibular molars (an additional 2.4 mm) and a larger increase in mandibular length (an additional 3.2 mm) was noted for the Herbst group. Conclusions: Class II correction using Herbst and Xbow occurred in both groups through improvement in the maxillomandibular relationship and labial inclination of the mandibular incisors, as well as a relatively increased mesialization of the mandibular molars. Although both appliances improve occlusal features, the portrayed changes were not always similar. Herbst seems to produce more mandibular size increase over a similar treatment period.