Research progress on hot deformation behavior of high-strength β titanium alloy: flow behavior and constitutive model

High-strength beta titanium alloys represented by near beta titanium alloy and metastable beta titanium alloy are preferred materials for large-scale load-carrying structures. In order to achieve the precise regulation of microstructure in the deformation process, massive efforts have been made to study the flow behavior and microstructure evolution of beta titanium alloy in the hot deformation process. This paper reviews the flow behavior of high-strength titanium alloy, including the effects of initial microstructure, deformation process parameters, work hardening, and dynamic softening on flow stress. Furthermore, the effects of deformation process parameters on the apparent activation energy for deformation and strain rate sensitivity coefficient are analyzed. The discontinuous yield phenomenon is discussed, and the constitutive models of flow stress are summarized. Furthermore, some microstructural evolution models are reviewed. Finally, the development direction and difficulties of the flow behavior and constitutive model are pointed out.