Study of anticancer properties of proanthocyanidin-rich cinnamon extract in combination with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLC1 and resistance of these free and co-encapsulated materials under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BLC1) and proanthocyanidin-rich cinnamon extract (PRCE) have many beneficial health properties. However, they are very sensitive materials; co-encapsulation is one alternative to protect them. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the anticancer properties of free PRCE and in combination with BLC1 and the resistance of these free and co-encapsulated materials under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions. In terms of anticancer proprieties, PRCE had an IC50 value close to 30 mg extract/mL for Hepa 1c1c7 and HT-29 cells and resulted in a significantly higher percentage (p <= 0.05) of total apoptotic and necrotic cells compared to treatment in combination with BLC1 (PRCE + BLC1), with values above 31.66% in both cells. For the quinone reductase (QR) assay, there was a significant increase only for PRCE + BLC1 treatment, with a fold induction of 5.11 +/- 0.56 for HT-29. The resistance of the encapsulated materials was greater than for the free form after 240 min of simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The combination of these materials in a microcapsule is advantageous because it protects them under gastrointestinal conditions, allowing them to be released into the intestine and act in the early stages of colon cancer.