Adaptive cooperative routing transmission for energy heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

The mass machine type communication (mMTC) in 5G requires the technical support of the wireless sensor network (WSN). Compared with homogeneous WSNs, heterogeneous WSNs provide more flexibility and are more in line with the reality. For heterogeneous WSNs, the use of proper routing methods can prolong the lifetime as well as the stability of the system. This paper studies an energy heterogeneous WSN, where nodes can cooperate with each other to improve the energy efficient of the network. We focus on the network routing within distributed energy-efficient clustering (DEEC) protocol, a typical networking/communication protocol for heterogeneous WSNs. First, we derive a proposition on the choice of cooperative single-hop or multi-hop modes, which gives a sufficient condition on cooperative multi-hop transmission. Furthermore, we present two lemmas, which are the conditions on the distance threshold for mode selection. Based on the above, a novel adaptive cooperative routing algorithm combined with DEEC is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed routing algorithm outperforms the benchmark schemes and can effectively reduce the network energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.