Hemato-biochemical and Genetic Damage Caused by Triazophos in Fresh Water Fish, Labeo rohita

Extensive use of pesticides in agriculture sector represents a major proportion of pollutants and poses serious threats to both environment and aquatic organisms. In the present study micronucleus assay and nuclear abnormalities were used as a biomarker to assess the cyto-genotoxic potential of different concentrations of triazophos insecticide in fresh water fish (Labeo rohita L.). For this purpose 16 fresh water fish of same age and weight were kept into four equal groups (A-D) having four each. All the fish were kept in aquaria with 75 L water capacity for six days for acclimatization. Various sub-lethal concentrations of organophosphate insecticide triazophos (0.010, 0.015 and 0.200 ppm) were tested. For hematological and cyto-genotoxic studies blood samples were collected from each fish after 48, 72 and 96 h of post-treatment. Duplicate thin blood smear was made from fresh blood of each fish. Results revealed that total erythrocyte count, pack cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, serum total proteins, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume values were significantly (P<0.05) decreased, which indicated that fish were suffering from microcytic hypochromic anemia. Lymphocyte and monocyte values were also significantly decreased while leukocyte count was significantly increased. The results obtained by micronucleus assay showed significantly a higher frequency of erythrocyte with micronuclei, blebbed nuclei, lobed, notched, heteropicnotic nuclei, binucleated and pear shape erythrocyte. The serum analysis showed that the concentration of different enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were significantly increased in exposed fish. It can be concluded that triazophos poses adverse hemato-biochemical and DNA damage effects in aquatic organisms. (C) 2015 Friends Science Publishers