Burnout prevalence among European physicians: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose Our objective was to assess burnout prevalence rates among physicians practicing in Europe (regardless of their specialty) taking into account the main approaches used to define burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) tool. Methods A systematic review was carried out from 2006 to 2018. A keyword request was obtained using the PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Banque de Donnees en Sante Publique search engine. Studies written in English measuring burnout with the MBI tool among a population of practicing European physicians were selected. Data were extracted and classified according to burnout's definition provided by the authors. Three definitions using the MBI dimensions were considered: tri-, bi- and unidimensional definition. A meta-analysis was then performed on burnout prevalence rates according to the dimensional definition of burnout. Results From 2378 search results, we selected 56 studies including from up to 41 European countries. Depending upon the study, physicians' burnout prevalence rates ranged from 2.5% to 72.0%. The pooled prevalence rate of burnout was estimated at 7.7% [5.3-10.4%] with the tridimensional definition, 19.7% [13.5-26.3%] with the bidimensional definition and 43.2% [29.0-57.6%] with the unidimensional definition. Conclusion Burnout pooled prevalence among physicians varies from single to fivefold depending on the method employed to assess burnout with the MBI tool. Medical community should determine a standardized method to assess burnout prevalence rates to best evaluate this phenomenon.