EXPLORING DUST EXTINCTION AT THE EDGE OF REIONIZATION

被引：25

作者：

Zafar, Tayyaba ^{[1
]}

Watson, Darach J. ^{[1
]}

Tanvir, Nial R. ^{[2
]}

Fynbo, Johan P. U. ^{[1
]}

Starling, Rhaana L. C. ^{[2
]}

Levan, Andrew J. ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark

[2] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England

[3] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2011年 / 735卷 / 01期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 新加坡国家研究基金会;

关键词：

dark ages; reionization; first stars; dust; extinction; galaxies: high-redshift; gamma-ray burst: individual: (GRB 090423; 080913; and; 050904); GAMMA-RAY BURST; HIGH-REDSHIFT UNIVERSE; LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SIMILAR-TO; 5; HOST GALAXIES; OPTICAL AFTERGLOWS; DISTANT QUASARS; LIGHT CURVES; GRB; 080913;

D O I：

10.1088/0004-637X/735/1/2

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

The brightness of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows and their occurrence in young, blue galaxies make them excellent probes to study star-forming regions in the distant universe. We here elucidate dust extinction properties in the early universe through the analysis of the afterglows of all known z > 6 GRBs: GRB 090423, 080913, and 050904, at z = 8.2, 6.69, and 6.295, respectively. We gather all available optical and near-infrared photometry, spectroscopy, and X-ray data to construct spectral energy distributions (SEDs) at multiple epochs. We then fit the SEDs at all epochs with a dust-attenuated power law or broken power law. We find no evidence for dust extinction in GRB 050904 and GRB 090423, with possible evidence for a low level of extinction in GRB 080913. We compare the high redshift GRBs to a sample of lower redshift GRB extinctions and find a lack of even moderately extinguished events (A(V) similar to 0.3) above z greater than or similar to 4. In spite of the biased selection and small number statistics, this result hints at a decrease in dust content in star-forming environments at high redshifts.

引用

页数：6

共 80 条

[31] X-ray continuum properties of GRB afterglows observed by XMM-Newton and Chandra [J].

Gendre, B. ;

Corsi, A. ;

Piro, L. .

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2006, 455 (03) :803-812

[32] THE STELLAR MASS DENSITY AND SPECIFIC STAR FORMATION RATE OF THE UNIVERSE AT z ∼ 7 [J].

Gonzalez, Valentino ;

Labbe, Ivo ;

Bouwens, Rychard J. ;

Illingworth, Garth ;

Franx, Marijn ;

Kriek, Mariska ;

Brammer, Gabriel B. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2010, 713 (01) :115-130

[33] The shape of spectral breaks in gamma-ray burst afterglows [J].

Granot, J ;

Sari, R .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2002, 568 (02) :820-829

[34] GRB 080913 AT REDSHIFT 6.7 [J].

Greiner, J. ;

Kruehler, T. ;

Fynbo, J. P. U. ;

Rossi, A. ;

Schwarz, R. ;

Klose, S. ;

Savaglio, S. ;

Tanvir, N. R. ;

McBreen, S. ;

Totani, T. ;

Zhang, B. B. ;

Wu, X. F. ;

Watson, D. ;

Barthelmy, S. D. ;

Beardmore, A. P. ;

Ferrero, P. ;

Gehrels, N. ;

Kann, D. A. ;

Kawai, N. ;

Yoldas, A. Kuepcue ;

Meszaros, P. ;

Milvang-Jensen, B. ;

Oates, S. R. ;

Pierini, D. ;

Schady, P. ;

Toma, K. ;

Vreeswijk, P. M. ;

Yoldas, A. ;

Zhang, B. ;

Afonso, P. ;

Aoki, K. ;

Burrows, D. N. ;

Clemens, C. ;

Filgas, R. ;

Haiman, Z. ;

Hartmann, D. H. ;

Hasinger, G. ;

Hjorth, J. ;

Jehin, E. ;

Levan, A. J. ;

Liang, E. W. ;

Malesani, D. ;

Pyo, T. -S. ;

Schulze, S. ;

Szokoly, G. ;

Terada, K. ;

Wiersema, K. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2009, 693 (02) :1610-1620

[35] A photometric redshift of z = 6.39 ± 0.12 for GRB 050904 [J].

Haislip, JB ;

Nysewander, MC ;

Reichart, DE ;

Levan, A ;

Tanvir, N ;

Cenko, SB ;

Fox, DB ;

Price, PA ;

Castro-Tirado, AJ ;

Gorosabel, J ;

Evans, CR ;

Figueredo, E ;

MacLeod, CL ;

Kirschbrown, JR ;

Jelinek, M ;

Guziy, S ;

Postigo, AD ;

Cypriano, ES ;

LaCluyze, A ;

Graham, J ;

Priddey, R ;

Chapman, R ;

Rhoads, J ;

Fruchter, AS ;

Lamb, DQ ;

Kouveliotou, C ;

Wijers, RAMJ ;

Bayliss, MB ;

Schmidt, BP ;

Soderberg, AM ;

Kulkarni, SR ;

Harrison, FA ;

Moon, DS ;

Gal-Yam, A ;

Kasliwal, MM ;

Hudec, R ;

Vitek, S ;

Kubanek, P ;

Crain, JA ;

Foster, AC ;

Clemens, JC ;

Bartelme, JW ;

Canterna, R ;

Hartmann, DH ;

Henden, AA ;

Klose, S ;

Park, HS ;

Williams, GG ;

Rol, E ;

O'Brien, P .

NATURE, 2006, 440 (7081) :181-183

[36] Extinction curves expected in young galaxies [J].

Hirashita, H ;

Nozawa, T ;

Kozasa, T ;

Ishii, TT ;

Takeuchi, TT .

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2005, 357 (03) :1077-1087

[37] A very energetic supernova associated with the γ-ray burst of 29 March 2003 [J].

Hjorth, J ;

Sollerman, J ;

Moller, P ;

Fynbo, JPU ;

Woosley, SE ;

Kouveliotou, C ;

Tanvir, NR ;

Greiner, J ;

Andersen, MI ;

Castro-Tirado, AJ ;

Cerón, JMC ;

Fruchter, AS ;

Gorosabel, J ;

Jakobsson, P ;

Kaper, L ;

Klose, S ;

Masetti, N ;

Pedersen, H ;

Pedersen, K ;

Pian, E ;

Palazzi, E ;

Rhoads, JE ;

Rol, E ;

van den Heuvel, EPJ ;

Vreeswijk, PM ;

Watson, D ;

Wijers, RAMJ .

NATURE, 2003, 423 (6942) :847-850

[38] A mean redshift of 2.8 for Swift gamma-ray bursts [J].

Jakobsson, P ;

Levan, A ;

Fynbo, JPU ;

Priddey, R ;

Hjorth, J ;

Tanvir, N ;

Watson, D ;

Jensen, BL ;

Sollerman, J ;

Natarajan, P ;

Gorosabel, J ;

Cerón, JMC ;

Pedersen, K ;

Pursimo, T ;

Arnadóttir, AS ;

Castro-Tirado, AJ ;

Davis, CJ ;

Deeg, HJ ;

Fiuza, DA ;

Mykolaitis, S ;

Sousa, SG .

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2006, 447 (03) :897-903

[39] The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) survey of galactic HI -: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections [J].

Kalberla, PMW ;

Burton, WB ;

Hartmann, D ;

Arnal, EM ;

Bajaja, E ;

Morras, R ;

Pöppel, WGL .

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2005, 440 (02) :775-782

[40] THE AFTERGLOWS OF SWIFT-ERA GAMMA-RAY BURSTS. I. COMPARING PRE-SWIFT AND SWIFT-ERA LONG/SOFT (TYPE II) GRB OPTICAL AFTERGLOWS [J].

Kann, D. A. ;

Klose, S. ;

Zhang, B. ;

Malesani, D. ;

Nakar, E. ;

Pozanenko, A. ;

Wilson, A. C. ;

Butler, N. R. ;

Jakobsson, P. ;

Schulze, S. ;

Andreev, M. ;

Antonelli, L. A. ;

Bikmaev, I. F. ;

Biryukov, V. ;

Boettcher, M. ;

Burenin, R. A. ;

Castro Ceron, J. M. ;

Castro-Tirado, A. J. ;

Chincarini, G. ;

Cobb, B. E. ;

Covino, S. ;

D'Avanzo, P. ;

D'Elia, V. ;

Della Valle, M. ;

Postigo, A. de Ugarte ;

Efimov, Yu. ;

Ferrero, P. ;

Fugazza, D. ;

Fynbo, J. P. U. ;

Galfalk, M. ;

Grundahl, F. ;

Gorosabel, J. ;

Gupta, S. ;

Guziy, S. ;

Hafizov, B. ;

Hjorth, J. ;

Holhjem, K. ;

Ibrahimov, M. ;

Im, M. ;

Israel, G. L. ;

Jelinek, M. ;

Jensen, B. L. ;

Karimov, R. ;

Khamitov, I. M. ;

Kiziloglu, Ue ;

Klunko, E. ;

Kubanek, P. ;

Kutyrev, A. S. ;

Laursen, P. ;

Levan, A. J. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2010, 720 (02) :1513-1558

← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 →