Physiological and biochemical response of soil-grown barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to cerium oxide nanoparticles

A soil microcosm study was performed to examine the impacts of cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO(2)) on the physiology, productivity, and macromolecular composition of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The plants were cultivated in soil treated with nCeO(2) at 0, 125, 250, and 500 mg kg(-1) (control, nCeO(2)-L, nCeO(2)-M, and nCeO(2)-H, respectively). Accumulation of Ce in leaves/grains and its effects on plant stress and nutrient loading were analyzed. The data revealed that nCeO(2)-H promoted plant development resulting in 331 % increase in shoot biomass compared with the control. nCeO(2) treatment modified the stress levels in leaves without apparent signs of toxicity. However, plants exposed to nCeO(2)-H treatment did not form grains. Compared with control, nCeO(2)-M enhanced grain Ce accumulation by as much as 294 % which was accompanied by remarkable increases in P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Al. Likewise, nCeO(2)-M enhanced the methionine, aspartic acid, threonine, tyrosine, arginine, and linolenic acid contents in the grains by up to 617, 31, 58, 141, 378, and 2.47 % respectively, compared with the rest of the treatments. The findings illustrate the beneficial and harmful effects of nanoceria in barley.