Modelling of the rolling processes by a 3-D rigid plastic/visco-plastic finite element method with shifted ICCG method

In this paper, the rolling processes were simulated by a 3-D rigid plastic/visco-plastic FEM. The shifted incomplete Cholesky decomposition of the stiffness matrix is combined with the solution of the equations for velocity increment by the conjugate gradient method, termed the shifted ICCG method, is employed to solve, these rolling problems. The performance of the algorithm in terms of the number of iterations and friction variation has been analysed. Numerical tests and application in industry verify the validity and stability of the shifted ICCG method. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.