Thermodynamics of Insertion and Self-Association of a Transmembrane Helix: A Lipophobic Interaction by Phosphatidylethanolamine

Thermodynamic parameters for the insertion and self-association of transmembrane helices are important for understanding the folding of helical membrane proteins. The lipid composition of bilayers would significantly affect these fundamental processes, although how is not well understood. Experimental systems using model transmembrane helices and lipid bilayers are useful for measuring and interpreting thermodynamic parameters (Delta G, Delta H, Delta S, and Delta C-p) for the processes. In this study, the effect of the charge, phase, acyl chain unsaturation, and lateral pressure profile of bilayers on the membrane partitioning of the transmembrane helix (AALALAA)(3) was examined. Furthermore, the effect of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) on the thermodynamics for insertion and self-association of the helix in host membranes composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) was investigated in detail. Interbilayer transfer of the helix monomer from POPC to POPC/POPE (1/1) bilayers was unfavorable (Delta G = +4.5 +/- 2.9 kJ mol(-1) at 35 degrees C) due to an increase in enthalpy (Delta H = +31.1 +/- 2.1 kJ mol(-1)). On the other hand, antiparallel dimerization of the helices in POPC/POPE (1/1) bilayers was enhanced compared with that in POPC bilayers (Delta Delta G = -4.9 +/- 0.2 kJ mol(-1) at 35 degrees C) due to a decrease in enthalpy (Delta Delta H = -33.2 +/- 1.5 kJ mol(-1)). A greater thickness of POPC/POPE bilayers only partially explained the observed effects. The residual effects could be related to changes in other physical properties such as higher lateral pressure in the hydrocarbon core in the PE-containing membrane. The origin of the enthalpy-driven "lipophobic" force that modulates the insertion and association of transmembrane helices will be discussed.