Higher heart rate variability as a predictor of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the meaning of higher heart rate variability (HRV) in predicting AF remains unclear. Among 2100 patients in the Holter registry, a total of 782 hypertensive patients were included in this study. Baseline HRV was measured by time domain and frequency domain methods using 24-h Holter monitoring. The primary outcome was the development of AF. During an average follow-up of 1.1 years, 44 patients developed AF. Higher HRV parameters including high-frequency (P<0.001), the square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (P<0.001), and the percentage of NN intervals that are more than 50 ms different from the previous interval (P<0.001) were associated with the occurrence of AF in univariate analysis. Premature atrial contractions burden, lower baseline heart rate, age, hemodialysis, coronary artery disease, and chronic heart failure were also associated with AF. In Cox regression analysis, higher HRV (representing excessive autonomic fluctuation) was an independent risk factor for AF. Excessive autonomic fluctuation represented by higher HRV in patients with hypertension was associated with an increased risk of AF.