Rates and components of carbon turnover in fish muscle: insights from bioenergetics models and a whole-lake 13C addition

Stable isotopes are widely employed to describe energy flow in aquatic communities, though interpretation of results can be confounded by the fact that organisms integrate over vastly different time scales. We used results from a 56-day whole-lake C-13 addition and a bioenergetic modeling approach to estimate dorsal muscle carbon turnover rates in a natural setting for three sizes of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Generally, dynamic delta C-13 models with a metabolic tissue replacement term were better supported than models predicting isotopic change from growth alone, except when relative growth rates were highest (age 0 bluegill). Across species and size classes, the percentage of carbon change due to tissue replacement was variable (2%-80%) and independent of fish size. The half-life of delta C-13 in age 0 fishes was similar and ranged from 8 to 18 days. In contrast, adult tissue half-lives were much longer (116-173 days). Based on these and previously published estimates, fish mass (g) was a strong predictor of fish carbon turnover rates, lambda: log(lambda) = -3.65 -0.20 log(mass), r(2) = 0.71.