Impact of Heating Control Strategy and Occupant Behavior on the Energy Consumption in a Building with Natural Ventilation in Poland

This study aims to provide an experimental assessment of energy consumption in an existing public building in Poland, in order to analyze the impact of occupant behavior on that consumption. The building is naturally ventilated and the occupants have the freedom to change the temperature set point and open or close the windows. The energy consumption is calculated and the calculation results are compared with the experimental data. An analysis of occupants' behavior has revealed that they choose temperature set points in a wide range recognized as thermal comfort, and window opening is accidental and difficult to predict. The implemented heating control algorithms take into account the strong influence of individual occupant preferences on the feeling of comfort. The energy consumption assessment has revealed that the lowering of temperature set point by 1 degrees C results in an energy saving of about 5%. Comparisons of energy consumption with heating control and without any controls showed that the potential for energy reduction due to heating control reached approximately 10%. The use of windows control, which allows to turn off the heating after opening the window and its impact on energy savings have been discussed as well.