The Mechanism of Action and Potential Impact of Flaxseed on Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Cystic Fibrosis: A Narrative Review

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease, which leads to death at a young age. No definite treatment has yet been found for CF. Therefore, it is important to find new therapeutic and medicinal approaches for CF. Flaxseed is an antioxidant dietary and anti-inflammatory supplement with a high omega-3 fatty acid content. Objectives: In this article, the mechanism of action of flaxseed as a novel supplemental treatment for CF is discussed. Methods: In this review, we searched Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) sources, such as Zakhire Kharazmshahi and Canon of Medicine. Then, from inception to October 2020, data sources, including Google Scholar and PubMed in the English language were comprehensively explored for the mechanism of action of this herbal remedy on CF. Results: Flaxseed may possess effects on CF gastrointestinal disorders due to its properties, including consumer acceptance as a functional food, being the best non-animal reservoir of omega 3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and soluble fiber, as well as its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects with modulating intestinal microbiota. Conclusions: Regarding the mentioned potential mechanisms of action, it could be hypothesized that flaxseed can be served as a novel medicine for CF.