Extraction of strategically important elements from brines: Constraints and opportunities

被引:100
作者
Pramanik, Biplob Kumar [1 ]
Long Duc Nghiem [2 ,4 ]
Hai, Faisal I. [3 ]
机构
[1] RMIT Univ, Sch Engn, Civil & Infrastruct Engn Discipline, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia
[2] Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Technol Water & Wastewater, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
[3] Univ Wollongong, Sch Civil Min & Environm Engn, Strateg Water Infrastruct Lab, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
[4] Nguyen Tat Thanh Univ, NTT Inst Hitechnol, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
关键词
Strategically important elements; Challenges; Low-grade ores and brines; Emerging membrane process; PLATINUM-GROUP-METALS; SALT LAKE BRINE; ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS; ORGANIC-SOLVENT NANOFILTRATION; LIQUID-LIQUID-EXTRACTION; CRITICAL RAW-MATERIALS; RARE-EARTH RESOURCES; MG/LI RATIO BRINE; ION-EXCHANGE; MEMBRANE DISTILLATION;
D O I
10.1016/j.watres.2019.115149
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Strategically important elements are those that are vital to advanced manufacturing, low carbon technologies and other growing industries. Ongoing depletion and supply risks to these elements are a critical concern, and thus, recovery of these elements from low-grade ores and brines has generated significant interest worldwide. Among the strategically important elements, this paper focuses on rare earth elements (REEs), the platinum-group metals and lithium due to their wide application in the advanced industrial economics. We critically review the current methods such as precipitation, ion exchange and solvent extraction for extracting these elements from low-grade ores and brines and provide insight into the technical challenges to the practical realisation of metal extraction from these low-grade sources. The challenges include the low concentration of the target elements in brines and inadequate selectivity of the existing methods. This review also critically analyzes the potential applicability of an integrated clean water production and metal extraction process based on conventional pressure-driven membrane and emerging membrane technologies (e.g., membrane distillation). Such a process can first enrich the strategically important elements in solution for their subsequent recovery along with clean water production. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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收藏
页数:13
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