Actinomycotic Osteomyelitis of Mandible

Actinomycosis is an infection of filamentous, gram-positive anaerobic bacteria. Actinomycosis of jaw bone is rare and the diagnosis is often difficult. The aim of this patient report is to present an actinomycotic osteomyelitis of mandible in a 30-year-old male patient. The patient presented with a chief complaint of pain and unhealed dental socket after mandibular teeth extractions. Radiographs showed ill-defined radiolucencies and perforation of buccal and lingual cortical plate; several biopsies and different therapy could not improve the lesion because of fault diagnosis and improper treatment. Finally, the authors' histopathological examination revealed granulation tissue surrounded bacterial colonies compatible with actinomycotic colonies. Follow-up examinations showed that the patient was well 6 months after prolonged treatment without any pain and discharge from dental socket.