Molecular characterization of specific H1-receptor agonists histaprodifen and its Nα-substituted analogues on bovine aortic H1-receptors

We determined the molecular properties of the selective and potent H-1-receptor agonist histaprodifen and its NO substituted analogues: methyl-, dimethyl-, and imidazolylethyl-histaprodifen (suprahistaprodifen). All derivatives show high affinity for H-3-mepyramine labeled bovine aortic H-1-receptor binding sites with the following order of potency: suprahistaprodifen > dimethylhistaprodifen > methythistaprodifen > histaprodifen > histamine. Supra-histaprodifen and dimethylhistaprodifen were the most potent displacers of H-3-mepyramine binding (K-i=4.3 and 4.9 nM, respectively). Histaprodifen, methylhistaprodifen and suprahistaprodifen binding was differentially influenced by GTP, whereas dimethylhistaprodifen was not affected. All drugs, except dimethylhistaprodifen, were activators of G-proteins. Their order of potency was suprahistaprodifen > histamine > histaprodifen > methylhistaprodifen. Their effect on G-protein activation was abolished by the addition of the H-1-receptor antagonist triprolidine (10 muM), which given alone did not activate G-proteins. Our data suggest that histaprodifens are potent but heterogeneous H-1-receptor ligands with diverse effects on the molecular level in our model system. While the histaprodifen, methylhistaprodifen and suprahistaprodifen data are in agreement with their agonistic nature, as shown in the functional studies performed on different species (rat and guinea pig H-1-receptor), dimethylhistaprodifen behaved as an antagonist in our study.