Paper-based smartphone chemosensor for reflectometric on-site total polyphenols quantification in olive oil

High polyphenols levels are one of the main quality characters of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), leading to high antioxidant activity and contributing to the EVOO health beneficial effects. Analytical methods for the rapid assessment of EVOO polyphenols content, possibly directly at the place of production or distribution, are therefore important for the commercial enhancement of this product. Unfortunately, most analytical methods for quantification of polyphenols in EVOO require laboratory instrumentation and preliminary sample extraction procedures. In this paper we describe a paper-based chemosensor based on the well-known Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay for the rapid (assay time 15 min) quantitative detection of polyphenols in EVOO without any preliminary sample extraction. Use of n-propanol for diluting the EVOO sample allows its direct analysis on paper supports loaded with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The color change of the paper supports is measured using a smartphone camera. A disposable analytical cartridge containing all necessary reagents, including calibration standards, and accessories for performing the assay using a Samsung S8 smartphone have been developed to perform on-site analysis. Measurement of total polyphenol content of EVOO samples gave results in good agreement with the conventional Folin-Ciocalteu assay, and the limit of detection was 30 mu g gallic acid equivalents g(-1) EVOO. The same approach can be employed to measure polyphenols in other oils of vegetal origin.