Focal nodular hyperplasia:: Spoke-wheel arterial pattern and other signs on dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of spoke-wheel pattern and typical symptoms of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) by means of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in relation to lesion size. Methods: Twenty-eight patients were included in the trial, in whom, based on the CEUS, we raised suspicion of hypervascularized liver lesion; there were 30 lesions altogether. The final diagnosis of FNH was verified by means of CT, MRI or lesion biopsy. Majority of patients (26) were females, compared to 2 male, with average age of 33.3 years. Average lesion size was 45.6 mm. Besides the ultrasound examination, we used also "blood pool" ultrasound contrast agent of second generation, sulphur hexafluoride (BR1); we evaluated enhancement of the lesion until the late stage-within 5 min from application. Results: In lesions larger than 3 cm (n = 20), stellate vascular enhancement was found in 19 cases (95.0%) early in arterial phase. As for lesions smaller than 3 cm (n = 10), spoke-wheel pattern was observed only in 3 cases (30%) and lesions smaller than 2 cm practically did not show this phenomenon at all (n = 1; 17%). Generally, symptom of spoke-wheel pattern was observed in 22 cases, i.e. in 73.3%. In total, central scar was present in 63.3% (n = 19) of cases. In lesions larger than 3 cm, it was present in 85.0% (n = 17), in lesions smaller than 3 cm in 20% (n = 2). Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography can be the final diagnostic method for FNH larger than 3 cm which has typical spoke-wheel vessel structure on CEUS. If this phenomenon is not present and the central scar is not visible, specific diagnosis of FNH cannot be based solely on CEUS findings. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.