Phylogenetic analyses, morphological studies, and muscarine detection reveal two new toxic Pseudosperma (Inocybaceae, Agaricales) species from tropical China

As a result of molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological studies, two new species of the genus Pseudosperma, namely P. fulvidiscum and P. singulare, were discovered in Wuzhishan Nature Reserve of Hainan Province of China. The two new species are distinct from other known Pseudosperma species in the phylogram inferred from a combined nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU), and the nuclear second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) sequence data. Muscarine contents of the two new species were detected using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) approach. In addition, a new combination, P. rubrobrunneum, was proposed based on phylogenetic evidence.