Long-Term Clinical Outcomes and Survivorship of Total Hip Arthroplasty for Pyogenic Arthritis: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 168 Hips

Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the 10-year outcomes of cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) in adult patients with the late sequelae of septic arthritis of the hip. Methods We followed 166 consecutive patients (168 hips) who underwent cementless THA between March 2001 and December 2011. There were 79 men and 87 women, with a mean age of 50.4 years (range 21-76 years) at the time of index THA, all of whom had hip osteoarthritis secondary to hip pyogenic infection. The average duration of follow up was 10.6 years (range 6.9-17.2 years). Preoperative and postoperative clinical ratings were evaluated, including the hip dysfunction and osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS), the Harris hip score (HHS), range of motion, a 100-point visual analog scale for hip pain, and the severity of limp and limb length discrepancy (LLD). The anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the hip and full-length view of the lower extremities were obtained to assess the position of the components, radiolucent lines, osteolysis, loosening of components, and heterotopic ossification. The intraoperative and postoperative complications were also recorded. Results The mean HSS and hip pain score were 44.2 points (range 29-66 points) and 42.5 points (range 32-64 points), respectively, before the index surgery and significantly improved to 88.1 points (range 78-96 points) and 15.1 points (range 10-26 points), respectively, at final follow-up examination. The HOOS and range of motion also improved significantly. The mean limb length discrepancy was reduced from 2.6 to 0.8 cm. The limp at last follow-up examination was moderate in 3 cases because of hip osteoarthritis in the other limb, slight in 26, and absent in 137. A radiolucent line was observed in 12 hips (7.1%) around the acetabular or femoral components. A progressive radiolucent line around the undersized femoral stem in all zones was seen in 1 hip, resulting in aseptic loosening and breakage of the femoral component. There were 8 cases of intraoperative fracture, 7 cases of dislocation, and 7 cases of transient nerve palsy. Recurrence of infection occurred in 2 hips. Revision surgery was conducted in 2 hips because of isolated loosening of the acetabular cup and the femoral stem, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival was 97% at 10 years, with revision for any reason with any component as an end-point. Conclusion Improved surgical techniques and development of components with various sizes provided favorable results for cementless THA conducted for late sequelae of sepsis in these young and active patients. Although the incidence of complications was relatively high, the complications were treated successfully.