Mapping global forest age from forest inventories, biomass and climate data

被引:98
作者
Besnard, Simon [1 ,2 ]
Koirala, Sujan [1 ]
Santoro, Maurizio [5 ]
Weber, Ulrich [1 ]
Nelson, Jacob [1 ]
Guetter, Jonas [1 ,4 ]
Herault, Bruno [6 ,7 ]
Kassi, Justin [8 ]
N'Guessan, Anny [8 ]
Neigh, Christopher [9 ]
Poulter, Benjamin [9 ]
Zhang, Tao [10 ,11 ]
Carvalhais, Nuno [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Integrat, Jena, Germany
[2] Wageningen Univ & Res, Lab Geoinformat Sci & Remote Sensing, Wageningen, Netherlands
[3] Univ Nova Lisboa, Dept Ciencias & Engn Ambiente DCEA, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol FCT, Lisbon, Portugal
[4] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Data Sci, Data Management & Anal, Jena, Germany
[5] Gamma Remote Sensing, Bern, Switzerland
[6] Inst Natl Polytech Felix Houphouet Boigny INP HB, Yamoussoukro, Cote Ivoire
[7] Univ Montpellier, Res Unit Forests & Soc, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
[8] Univ Felix Houphouet Boigny, Lab Bot, UFR Biosci, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire
[9] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA
[10] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL USA
[11] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, Minneapolis, MN USA
关键词
ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; TROPICAL FORESTS; CARBON FLUXES; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT; RECOVERY; RESPIRATION; VEGETATION; DRIVERS; SITES;
D O I
10.5194/essd-13-4881-2021
中图分类号
P [天文学、地球科学];
学科分类号
07 ;
摘要
Forest age can determine the capacity of a forest to uptake carbon from the atmosphere. However, a lack of global diagnostics that reflect the forest stage and associated disturbance regimes hampers the quantification of age-related differences in forest carbon dynamics. This study provides a new global distribution of forest age circa 2010, estimated using a machine learning approach trained with more than 40 000 plots using forest inventory, biomass and climate data. First, an evaluation against the plot-level measurements of forest age reveals that the data-driven method has a relatively good predictive capacity of classifying old-growth vs. non-old-growth (precision = 0.81 and 0.99 for old-growth and non-old-growth, respectively) forests and estimating corresponding forest age estimates (NSE = 0.6 - Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency - and RMSE = 50 - years root-mean-square error). However, there are systematic biases of overestimation in young- and underestimation in old-forest stands, respectively. Globally, we find a large variability in forest age with the old-growth forests in the tropical regions of Amazon and Congo, young forests in China, and intermediate stands in Europe. Furthermore, we find that the regions with high rates of deforestation or forest degradation (e.g. the arc of deforestation in the Amazon) are composed mainly of younger stands. Assessment of forest age in the climate space shows that the old forests are either in cold and dry regions or warm and wet regions, while young-intermediate forests span a large climatic gradient. Finally, comparing the presented forest age estimates with a series of regional products reveals differences rooted in different approaches and different in situ observations and global-scale products. Despite showing robustness in cross-validation results, additional methodological insights on further developments should as much as possible harmonize data across the different approaches. The forest age dataset presented here provides additional insights into the global distribution of forest age to better understand the global dynamics in the forest water and carbon cycles. The forest age datasets are openly available at https://doi.org/10.17871/ForestAgeBGI.2021 (Besnard et al., 2021).
引用
收藏
页码:4881 / 4896
页数:16
相关论文
共 54 条
[21]   An automated approach for reconstructing recent forest disturbance history using dense Landsat time series stacks [J].
Huang, Chengquan ;
Coward, Samuel N. ;
Masek, Jeffrey G. ;
Thomas, Nancy ;
Zhu, Zhiliang ;
Vogelmann, James E. .
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 2010, 114 (01) :183-198
[22]   Coupling of canopy gas exchange with root and rhizosphere respiration in a semi-arid forest [J].
Irvine, J ;
Law, BE ;
Kurpius, MR .
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, 2005, 73 (01) :271-282
[23]   Effects of forest management on soil C and N storage: meta analysis [J].
Johnson, DW ;
Curtis, PS .
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, 2001, 140 (2-3) :227-238
[24]   Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of above-ground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for dynamic global vegetation models [J].
Johnson, Michelle O. ;
Galbraith, David ;
Gloor, Manuel ;
De Deurwaerder, Hannes ;
Guimberteau, Matthieu ;
Rammig, Anja ;
Thonicke, Kirsten ;
Verbeeck, Hans ;
von Randow, Celso ;
Monteagudo, Abel ;
Phillips, Oliver L. ;
Brienen, Roel J. W. ;
Feldpausch, Ted R. ;
Gonzalez, Gabriela Lopez ;
Fauset, Sophie ;
Quesada, Carlos A. ;
Christoffersen, Bradley ;
Ciais, Philippe ;
Sampaio, Gilvan ;
Kruijt, Bart ;
Meir, Patrick ;
Moorcroft, Paul ;
Zhang, Ke ;
Alvarez-Davila, Esteban ;
de Oliveira, Atila Alves ;
Amaral, Ieda ;
Andrade, Ana ;
Aragao, Luiz E. O. C. ;
Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro ;
Arets, Eric J. M. M. ;
Arroyo, Luzmila ;
Aymard, Gerardo A. ;
Baraloto, Christopher ;
Barroso, Jocely ;
Bonal, Damien ;
Boot, Rene ;
Camargo, Jose ;
Chave, Jerome ;
Cogollo, Alvaro ;
Cornejo Valverde, Fernando ;
Lola da Costa, Antonio C. ;
Di Fiore, Anthony ;
Ferreira, Leandro ;
Higuchi, Niro ;
Honorio, Euridice N. ;
Killeen, Tim J. ;
Laurance, Susan G. ;
Laurance, William F. ;
Licona, Juan ;
Lovejoy, Thomas .
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, 2016, 22 (12) :3996-4013
[25]   Scaling carbon fluxes from eddy covariance sites to globe: synthesis and evaluation of the FLUXCOM approach [J].
Jung, Martin ;
Schwalm, Christopher ;
Migliavacca, Mirco ;
Walther, Sophia ;
Camps-Valls, Gustau ;
Koirala, Sujan ;
Anthoni, Peter ;
Besnard, Simon ;
Bodesheim, Paul ;
Carvalhais, Nuno ;
Chevallier, Frederic ;
Gans, Fabian ;
Goll, Daniel S. ;
Haverd, Vanessa ;
Kohler, Philipp ;
Ichii, Kazuhito ;
Jain, Atul K. ;
Liu, Junzhi ;
Lombardozzi, Danica ;
Nabel, Julia E. M. S. ;
Nelson, Jacob A. ;
O'Sullivan, Michael ;
Pallandt, Martijn ;
Papale, Dario ;
Peters, Wouter ;
Pongratz, Julia ;
Roedenbeck, Christian ;
Sitch, Stephen ;
Tramontana, Gianluca ;
Walker, Anthony ;
Weber, Ulrich ;
Reichstein, Markus .
BIOGEOSCIENCES, 2020, 17 (05) :1343-1365
[26]   Global patterns of land-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, latent heat, and sensible heat derived from eddy covariance, satellite, and meteorological observations [J].
Jung, Martin ;
Reichstein, Markus ;
Margolis, Hank A. ;
Cescatti, Alessandro ;
Richardson, Andrew D. ;
Arain, M. Altaf ;
Arneth, Almut ;
Bernhofer, Christian ;
Bonal, Damien ;
Chen, Jiquan ;
Gianelle, Damiano ;
Gobron, Nadine ;
Kiely, Gerald ;
Kutsch, Werner ;
Lasslop, Gitta ;
Law, Beverly E. ;
Lindroth, Anders ;
Merbold, Lutz ;
Montagnani, Leonardo ;
Moors, Eddy J. ;
Papale, Dario ;
Sottocornola, Matteo ;
Vaccari, Francesco ;
Williams, Christopher .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES, 2011, 116
[27]   Detecting trends in forest disturbance and recovery using yearly Landsat time series: 1. LandTrendr - Temporal segmentation algorithms [J].
Kennedy, Robert E. ;
Yang, Zhigiang ;
Cohen, Warren B. .
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, 2010, 114 (12) :2897-2910
[28]   Above-ground biomass and structure of 260 African tropical forests [J].
Lewis, Simon L. ;
Sonke, Bonaventure ;
Sunderland, Terry ;
Begne, Serge K. ;
Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela ;
van der Heijden, Geertje M. F. ;
Phillips, Oliver L. ;
Affum-Baffoe, Kofi ;
Baker, Timothy R. ;
Banin, Lindsay ;
Bastin, Jean-Francois ;
Beeckman, Hans ;
Boeckx, Pascal ;
Bogaert, Jan ;
De Canniere, Charles ;
Chezeaux, Eric ;
Clark, Connie J. ;
Collins, Murray ;
Djagbletey, Gloria ;
Djuikouo, Marie Noel K. ;
Droissart, Vincent ;
Doucet, Jean-Louis ;
Ewango, Cornielle E. N. ;
Fauset, Sophie ;
Feldpausch, Ted R. ;
Foli, Ernest G. ;
Gillet, Jean-Francois ;
Hamilton, Alan C. ;
Harris, David J. ;
Hart, Terese B. ;
de Haulleville, Thales ;
Hladik, Annette ;
Hufkens, Koen ;
Huygens, Dries ;
Jeanmart, Philippe ;
Jeffery, Kathryn J. ;
Kearsley, Elizabeth ;
Leal, Miguel E. ;
Lloyd, Jon ;
Lovett, Jon C. ;
Makana, Jean-Remy ;
Malhi, Yadvinder ;
Marshall, Andrew R. ;
Ojo, Lucas ;
Peh, Kelvin S-H ;
Pickavance, Georgia ;
Poulsen, John R. ;
Reitsma, Jan M. ;
Sheil, Douglas ;
Simo, Murielle .
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 2013, 368 (1625)
[29]   Simulating the impacts of disturbances on forest carbon cycling in North America: Processes, data, models, and challenges [J].
Liu, Shuguang ;
Bond-Lamberty, Ben ;
Hicke, Jeffrey A. ;
Vargas, Rodrigo ;
Zhao, Shuqing ;
Chen, Jing ;
Edburg, Steven L. ;
Hu, Yueming ;
Liu, Jinxun ;
McGuire, A. David ;
Xiao, Jingfeng ;
Keane, Robert ;
Yuan, Wenping ;
Tang, Jianwu ;
Luo, Yiqi ;
Potter, Christopher ;
Oeding, Jennifer .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES, 2011, 116
[30]  
Lundberg SM, 2017, ADV NEUR IN, V30