Effects of wall roughness on particle velocities in a turbulent channel flow

Experimental measurements using a laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) system have been performed on 150 pm dense glass particles in a fully developed downward channel flow in air Tests were conducted in smooth, rough development, and fully rough wall conditions with a channel Reynolds number of 13,800, corresponding to a centerline gas phase velocity of 10.5 m/s with a dilute loading of particles of 15% by mass fraction. Velocities were measured and statistics compared to see the nature of the effects of the wall roughness in a rebuilt channel facility originally used for important works including Kulick, Fessler, and Eaton, (1994, "Particle Response and Turbulence Modification in Fully-Developed Channel flow, " J. Fluid Mech., 277, pp. 109-134) and Paris (2001, "Turbulence Attenuation in a Particle-Laden Channel Flow, " Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University, Stanford, CA). Wall roughness has a substantial impact on gas phase mean velocities across most of the channel width, except very near the wall. The turbulence intensity of the gas phase is enhanced across the entire channel in the presence of fully rough walls. The rough walls have an even greater impact on the particle phase. Streamwise particle velocities are reduced up to 40%, and become quite uniform across the channel. Particle fluctuating velocities are nearly doubled near the channel centerplane. Profiles appear uniform, due in large part to strong transverse mixing induced by particle-wall collisions. Much of the data of Kulick and Paris is shown here to be strongly influenced by wall conditions with poorly defined roughness in the development region, followed by rapid flow recovery in a relatively smooth test section.