Steroid hormones in biosolids and poultry litter: A comparison of potential environmental inputs

被引:39
作者
Bevacqua, Christine E. [1 ]
Rice, Clifford P. [2 ]
Torrents, Alba [1 ]
Ramirez, Mark [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
[2] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
[3] Dist Columbia Water & Sewer Author, Washington, DC 20032 USA
关键词
Steroid hormones; Biosolids; Poultry litter; Estrogens; Progesterone; Conjugated hormones; PRESSURIZED LIQUID EXTRACTION; FECAL BACTERIA; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; SEX-HORMONES; TESTOSTERONE; ESTROGENS; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; RUNOFF; CHEMICALS; MUNICIPAL;
D O I
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.02.007
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Steroid hormones can act as potent endocrine disruptors when released into the environment. The main sources of these chemicals are thought to be wastewater treatment plant discharges and waste from animal feeding operations. While these compounds have frequently been found in wastewater effluents, few studies have investigated biosolids or manure, which are routinely land applied, as potential sources. This study assessed the potential environmental contribution of steroid hormones from biosolids and chicken litter. Hormone concentrations in samples of limed biosolids collected at a waste treatment plant over a four year period ranged from <2.5 to 21.7 ng/g dry weight for estrone (E1) and <2.5 to 470 ng/g dry weight for progesterone. Chicken litter from 12 mid-Atlantic farms had averages of 41.4 ng/g dry weight El, 63.4 ng/g dry weight progesterone, and 19.2 ng/g dry weight El-sulfate (E1-S). Other analytes studied were 17 beta-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2), testosterone, E2-3-sulfate (E2-3-S), and E2-17-sulfate (E2-17-3). (C) 2011 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:2120 / 2126
页数:7
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