Immunomodulation as a Potent COVID-19 Pharmacotherapy: Past, Present and Future

被引:31
作者
Hertanto, Decsa Medika [1 ,2 ]
Wiratama, Bayu Satria [3 ,4 ]
Sutanto, Henry [5 ,6 ]
Wungu, Citrawati Dyah Kencono [7 ,8 ]
机构
[1] Airlangga Univ, Fac Med, Dept Internal Med, Surabaya, Indonesia
[2] Dr Soetomo Gen Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Surabaya, Indonesia
[3] Univ Gadjah Mada, Fac Med Publ Hlth & Nursing, Dept Epidemiol Biostat & Populat Hlth, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
[4] Taipei Med Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Grad Inst Injury Prevent & Control, Taipei, Taiwan
[5] Maastricht Univ, CARIM Sch Cardiovasc Dis, Dept Cardiol, Maastricht, Netherlands
[6] SUNY, Downstate Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, New York, NY USA
[7] Airlangga Univ, Fac Med, Dept Physiol & Med Biochem, Surabaya, Indonesia
[8] Airlangga Univ, Inst Trop Dis, Surabaya, Indonesia
基金
英国科研创新办公室;
关键词
COVID-19; immunomodulation; immunology; immune system; pharmacotherapy; coronavirus; drug repurposing; CELL;
D O I
10.2147/JIR.S322831
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
In the first year of its appearance, the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected more than 150 million individuals and killed 3 million people worldwide. The pandemic has also triggered numerous global initiatives to tackle the newly emerging disease, including the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the attempt to discover potential pharmacological therapies. Nonetheless, despite the success of SARS-CoV-2 vac-cine development, COVID-19 therapy remains challenging. Several repurposed drugs that were documented to be useful in small clinical trials have been shown to be ineffective in larger studies. Additionally, the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection displayed the predominance of hyperinflammation and immune dysregulation in inducing multiorgan damage. Therefore, the potential benefits of both immune modulation and suppression in COVID-19 have been extensively discussed. Here, we reviewed the roles of immunomodu-lation as potential COVID-19 pharmacological modalities based on the existing data and proposed several new immunologic targets to be tested in the foreseeable future.
引用
收藏
页码:3419 / 3428
页数:10
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