A comparison of morphofunctional adaptation of student youth in Kyzyl and Moscow (under different ethical and environmental conditions)

The article is devoted to a comparative study of the directions of adaptation changes in various regional groups - among the youth of Moscow (Russians) and Tuvan residents of Kyzyl, the capital of the Republic of Tuva. The anthropological data of students aged 17-25 were collected in 2015-2019 in Kyzyl, and then in 2019-2021 in Moscow by making use of a standardized methodology. The total number of the young people surveyed was 779. The analysis included morphofunctional characteristics and a number of indices calculated on their basis, which ultimately allowed the authors to assess the adaptive capabilities of the human body. The problems of biological changes of ethnic groups in the territory of their residence allows to the issue of ethnoecology, taking into account the climatic and geographic situation, as well as the socioeconomic differences in the status of Moscow and Kyzyl. The morphological data obtained show that the body height and weight of the Tuvan youth turns out to be significantly smaller than that of the residents of the capital, while the BMI shows close to average values. This is due to differences between ethnic groups. As for body composition indicators, the residents of Kyzyl, due to the same physique, have higher values of the fat component predominantly localized in the central region of the body. The adaptive capabilities the surveyed groups does not seem to have any regional variation: for young men in both cities it shows higher values corresponding to the stress in the adaptation mechanisms. An assessment of functional indicators indicates that Tuvan students have better vegetative regulation of the body, which must be due to their autochthonous status. Residents of Moscow, subjected to the influence of a wide range of factors of life in the metropolis, understandably come second after the peers.