Modeling Impact of Moving Scatterers on Doppler Spectrum in Wideband Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channels

A three-dimensional (3-D) geometrical propagation model that includes both stationary and moving scatterers around the transmitter and receiver for wideband vehicle-to-vehicle (V-to-V) communications is proposed. Based on the geometrical model, a 3-D reference model for wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) V-to-V multipath fading channels is developed. From the reference model, the corresponding space-Doppler power spectral density is derived. Finally, the theoretical results are compared with measured data in urban environment, the model with only stationary scatterers, and the narrowband channel model with moving and stationary scatterers. The results show the best agreement between the measured and the modelled wideband channel model with stationary and moving scatterers.