Effects of early-age thermal behaviour on damage risks in massive concrete structures

At early age, temperature in massive concrete structures may reach over 70 degrees C because hydration is an exothermic chemical reaction. Temperature evolution (increasing followed by decreasing temperature) can lead to damage risks in the short and long term. Firstly, cracking due to self-restrained strains (essentially thermal strains) can occur (which increase the transport properties and so the kinetics of degradation); and secondly, delayed ettringite formation can appear. In addition, if autogenous and thermal strains are restrained, compressive stresses and then tensile stresses increase, which can cause crossing cracks. However, this paper will not deal with these phenomena. In the first part, sensitivity to delayed ettringite formation and early age cracks by self-restrained strains are studied with regards to the environmental conditions by a numerical approach. This part shows that the external temperature has a significant impact on the maximal temperature reached, but that the temperature difference between the core and the surface is mainly impacted by the wind velocity. Then, a parametric study on the effect of the variation of thermal properties at early age has been achieved and shows that it needs to be taken into account. Finally, visco-elastic mechanical calculations show the impact of thermal property variation on the stresses generated by self restraint.