Review effect of various types of dyes and structures in supporting performance of dye-sensitized solar cell TiO2-based nanocomposites

The energy demand for supporting the activity of human life is increasing where fossil fuels decreasing sharply every year and have an impact on increasing CO2 emissions in the environment. An alternative solution for providing practical energy needs is using renewable energy such as solar cells. For environmentally friendly, economical, and efficient concepts, dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a promising alternative for the photovoltaic field. The performance of a DSSC depends on many factors, such as electron collection at the photoanode, photoanode light-harvesting efficiency, and others. In this review article, we observe the influence of synthetic and natural dye materials on light-harvesting efficiency at photoanodes. The chemical structure of dyes plays an essential role in increasing photon absorption, thereby increasing electron injection and conversion efficiency. In addition to dyes, we also reviewed the influence of the shape of the DSSC structure, namely the sandwich, monolithic, and honeycomb structures, on the performance of DSSCs. This approach helps develop a narrative about the potential and relationship of dyes and structure in increasing efficiency as a guide for synthesizing new materials in the future.