Bread, Justice, or Opportunity? The Determinants of the Arab Awakening Protests

被引：39
作者：
Costello, Matthew [1 ]
Jenkins, J. Craig [2 ]
Aly, Hassan [2 ]
机构：
[1] Arkansas State Univ, State Univ, AR 72467 USA
[2] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
来源：
WORLD DEVELOPMENT | 2015年 / 67卷
关键词：
protest (causes); Arab states; Middle East/North Africa; political opportunities; Arab Awakening; SOCIAL MEDIA; YOUTH;
D O I：
10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.10.002
中图分类号：
F0 [经济学]; F1 [世界各国经济概况、经济史、经济地理]; C [社会科学总论];
学科分类号：
0201 ; 020105 ; 03 ; 0303 ;
摘要：
What were the structural determinants of the recent Arab Awakening protests that engulfed the Arab world? We examine the economic and political grievances along with political opportunities. Time-series analysis of nonviolent and violent protests in 18 Arab-majority countries shows that "bread," "justice," and political opportunities mattered. State terror and political openness had the strongest effects. Cell phones facilitated nonviolent protest while mineral rents and monarchies discouraged violent protest. We find no support for a youth bulge or an effect of development. These protests diffused from Egypt and Tunisia with positive spillover for nonviolent protest and negative spillover from violent protest. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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页码：90 / 100
页数：11
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