Virgin Coconut Oil Polyphenol Effects on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Lipid Peroxidation on Osteoblast Cell

Osteoporosis is associated with free radicals and oxidative stress. The high polyphenol contents in virgin coconut oil (VCO) can prevent oxidative stress and consequently osteoporosis. This in vitro study was conducted in order to determine the mechanism of the protective effects of polyphenol extracted from VCO on murine osteoblast-like cell line (MC3T3-E1) which was induced with oxidative stress. To study the protective effects on viability of MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) toxicity, MC3T3-E1 cells were post-treated with different doses of polyphenol for 24 h after 1 h incubation with 250 mu M of H2O2 (IC50). The protective mechanism was studied by measuring melondialdehyde (MDA) levels as well as antioxidant enzymes activities which are superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT). The results showed that the median inhibitary concentration (IC50) for H2O2 after 1 h was 250 mu M. Cell viability tests showed that all the doses of polyphenol were able to protect MC3T3-E1 cells from H2O2 toxicity. The dose of 1 and 0.01 mu M of polyphenol increased the level of GPx and CAT while the dose of 0.01 and 0.0001 mu M increased the level of SOD. Meanwhile, the 0.0001 mu M of PF prevented the MDA elevation. In conclucion, the polyphenol components in virgin coconut oil prevent lipid peroxidation in MC3T3-E1 cells induced with H2O2 by increasing the endogenous antioxidant enzymes.