Filling carbon nanotubes with metals by the arc-discharge method: the key role of sulfur

被引:123
作者
Demoncy, N [1 ]
Stephan, O
Brun, N
Colliex, C
Loiseau, A
Pascard, H
机构
[1] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, CEA, Solides Irradies Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
[2] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, CNRS, Lab Etud Microstruct, F-92322 Chatillon, France
[3] Univ Paris Sud, Phys Solides Lab, CNRS, URA 002, F-91405 Orsay, France
[4] Lab Aimee Cotton, CNRS, UPR 3321, F-91405 Orsay, France
关键词
D O I
10.1007/s100510050363
中图分类号
O469 [凝聚态物理学];
学科分类号
070205 ;
摘要
Various filled carbon nanotubes have recently been successfully produced by the are-discharge method by doping a 99.4% graphite anode with a transition metal like Cr, Ni, a rare earth like Yb, Dy, or a covalent element like S, Ge. In this work, the structural characteristics of these encapsulated nanowires were studied by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and their chemical composition was investigated using Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy with high spatial resolution: this analysis mode provides elemental concentration profiles across or along the filled nanotubes. Except in the case of Ge for which only pure Ge fillings were identified, surprising amounts of sulfur, which was present as an impurity (approximate to 0.25%) in the graphite rods, were found within numerous filling materials. When using high purity carbon rods, no filled nanotube was obtained. We chose the case of Cr to clearly evidence that the addition of sulfur in catalytic quantity is responsible for the formation of filled nanotubes, including sulfur free encapsulated nanowires. A growth mechanism based on a catalytic process involving three elements, i.e. carbon, a metal and sulfur, and taking into account the experimental results is proposed.
引用
收藏
页码:147 / 157
页数:11
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