Association of plasma fatty acid alteration with the severity of coronary artery disease lesions in Tunisian patients

Background: Some factors related to diet are known to be involved in the progression of atherosclerosis in humans. Methods: The relationship between plasma fatty acid (FA) levels and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), evaluated by Gensini score (GS), was investigated in CAD Tunisian patients compared to controls. Lipid profiles were analyzed, GS was calculated in CAD and non-CAD patients and compared to controls. Results: CAD patients showed an alteration of conventional lipid parameters. In fact, a significant increase of plasmatic triglycerides (TG) level, atherogenic lipid ratios (TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C); and ApoB/ApoA1 was observed in the CAD group comparatively to controls (p < 0.001). Gensini score was showed to be a good indicator to evaluate cholesterol metabolism disorders associated with HDL-C since a negative association was found between HDL-C levels and GS for the two groups of patients. In addition, in the relation with FA and classes of FA, a negative association was found as expected, between Gensini score and total MUFA, PUFA n-3, total PUFA, GLA, DGLA and DHA. Furthermore, a positive association with stearic and erucic acid was found. Suggests that, GS is also a good indicator to evaluate FA metabolic disorders. Higher elongation index and modifications of desaturation index (D5D, D6D and D9D) were observed in patients compared to controls, supporting FA metabolism modifications. Conclusions: In conclusion, although that Tunisian population appears to follow the Mediterranean diet, variations of plasmatic FA levels and desaturase activities in CAD patients highlights an alteration of FA metabolism and suggests an important implication of certain FA in the development of atherosclerosis.