Metabolic disorders associated with chronic hepatitis C: impact of genotype and ethnicity

Background & aim Patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, especially those with genotypes 1 and 4, have an increased risk of developing metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations among metabolic disorders, ethnicity and genotype in a large cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Patients and Methods All consecutive patients with CHC who were seen in our hepato-gastroenterology unit between January 2002 and September 2008 were included. Demographical data and variables related to the metabolic syndrome were collected. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model for the assessment of insulin resistance test (HOMA-IR) test. Results Among the 454 CHC patients, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 12.4%. The HOMA-IR test was performed in 140 patients, and 35.0% had insulin resistance. There were more Black Africans among the patients with genotypes 1/4 than among those with genotypes 2/3 (32.0 vs 1.2%, P < 0.0001). Insulin resistance was more common in patients with genotypes 1/4 than in those with genotypes 2/3 (17 vs 1.7%, P=0.0001 and 43.3 vs 16.3%, P=0.001, respectively). Genotypes 1/4 were more frequently present in patients with insulin resistance than in those without insulin resistance (85.7 vs 60.5%, P=0.001). By logistic regression, genotypes 1/4 [odds ratio (OR)=2.79; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-7.12, P=0.032] and older age (OR=1.03; 95% CI: 1.004-1.06, P=0.024) were independently associated with the presence of insulin resistance. Conclusions In CHC, insulin resistance is independently associated with the presence of genotypes 1/4. Ethnicity is not independently associated with metabolic disorders in patients with CHC.