The development of lower limb musculoskeletal models with clinical relevance is dependent upon the fidelity of the mathematical description of the lower limb. Part 2: patient-specific geometry

Musculoskeletal models have the potential to evolve into sensitive clinical tools that provide relevant therapeutic guidance. A key impediment to this is the lack of understanding as to the function of such models. In order to improve this it is useful to recognise that musculoskeletal modelling is the mathematical description of musculoskeletal movement - a process that involves the construction and solution of equations of motion. These equations are derived from standard mechanical considerations and the mathematical representation of anatomy. The fidelity of musculoskeletal models is highly dependent on the assumption that such representations also describe the function of the musculoskeletal geometry. In addition, it is important to understand the sensitivity of such representations to patient-specific variations in anatomy. The exploration of these twin considerations will be fundamental to the creation of musculoskeletal modelling tools with clinical relevance and a systematic enquiry of these key parameters is recommended.