Single-site Rydberg addressing in 3D atomic arrays for quantum computing with neutral atoms

Neutral atom arrays are particularly promising for large-scale quantum computing because it is possible to prepare large-scale qubit arrays. An unsolved issue is how to selectively excite one qubit deep in a 3D atomic array to Rydberg states. In this work, we show two methods for this purpose. The first method relies on a well-known result: in a dipole transition between two quantum states driven by two off-resonant fields of equal strength but opposite detunings Delta, the transition is characterized by two counter-rotating Rabi frequencies omega ei Delta t<i (or omega ei Delta t pi-phase difference). This pair of detuned fields lead to a time-dependent Rabi frequency 2 omega cos(Delta t)<i (or 2i omega sin(Delta t)<i), so that a full transition between the two levels is recovered. We show that when the two detuned fields are sent in different directions, one atom in a 3D optical lattice can be selectively addressed for Rydberg excitation, and when its state is restored, the state of any nontarget atoms irradiated in the light path is also restored. Moreover, we find that the Rydberg excitation by this method can significantly suppress the fundamental blockade error of a Rydberg gate, paving the way for a high-fidelity entangling gate with a commonly used quasi-rectangular pulse that is easily obtained by pulse pickers. Along the way, we find a second method for single-site Rydberg addressing in 3D, where a selected target atom can be excited to the Rydberg state while preserving the state of any nontarget atom due to a spin-echo sequence. The capability to selectively address a target atom in 3D atomic arrays for Rydberg excitation makes it possible to design a large-scale neutral-atom information processor based on the Rydberg blockade.