Formation of magnetospheric plasma population regimes coupled with the dynamo process in the convection system

[1] Based on the magnetosphere-ionosphere (M-I) coupling scheme, convection as a compound system is considered including the generation of plasma population regimes in the magnetosphere. In these considerations, primary elements that must be set to a selfconsistent configuration are convection flows in the magnetosphere and the ionosphere, field-aligned current (FAC) systems, ionospheric currents, energy conversion processes, and plasma population regimes. The convection in the M-I coupling system is inextricably associated with the FACs. In the present results, the region-1 and region-2 FACs are driven by delP current inside the magnetosphere through plasma internal energy accumulated in the cusp and plasma sheet, respectively. In this process, mechanisms to drive the region-1 and region-2 FACs are the same two-step process; tangential Maxwell stress on the magnetopause pumps up plasma internal energy inside the magnetosphere, then plasma internal energy drives the FACs. This dynamo can be driven by a steady convection flow which is suitable to project down to the low-beta regions. Thus from the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) force balance controlling the convection, plasma population regimes appear through a requirement to form dynamo in the magnetosphere, showing that plasma population regimes are indispensable to fulfill the self-consistency in the convection system. In the model that the convection is driven directly by the line-tying current, the shoulder of the magnetosphere behind the cusp, where the line-tying current is mixed with the pure Chapman-Ferraro current connected to dayside, constructs the dynamo (J.E < 0) for the region-1 FAC. In the present model with negative IMF B-z, on the contrary, the Chapman-Ferraro current in this area is not directly connected with the region-1 FAC but connected with the neutral sheet current in the dayside merging region to increase plasma internal energy (J center dot E > 0) around the cusp. Similarly, tail theta current system acts to increase plasma internal energy in the plasma sheet through the convection. The magnetospheric model derived from this consideration enables a continuous switch over from the confinement state of geomagnetic field in the Chapman-Ferraro model to the convection of Dungey model for nonzero IMF B-z. In the present convection model, nearly force-free open field lines are extending from the polar cap into the lobes. Based on the convection model proposed in this paper, a suggestion is given for the substorm models in the next decade that they must develop from a modular model to a globally self-consistent model.