Impact of gastric banding on plasma ghrelin, growth hormone, cortisol, DHEA and DHEA-S levels

Background: Several endocrine abnormalities are reported in obesity. Some are considered as causative factors, whereas others are considered to be secondary effects of obesity. In the current study, we explored the changes in cortisol, growth hormone (GH), DHEA, DHEA-S and GH releasing hormone (ghrelin) plasma levels in morbidly obese subjects who lost abundant weight following laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). Methods: 12 morbidly obese adult patients (15 females), age 21-56 years with BMI 46.0 +/- 4.4 kg/cm(2), were studied. Blood samples were collected before, 6 and 14 months after LAGB. The levels of DHEA, DHEA-S, cortisol, GH, and ghrelin were determined by commercial kits. Statistical analysis was based on one-way repeated measures ANOVA, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls post-hoc test. Results: Mean BMI reduced significantly along the study course (P=.000). Cortisol plasma levels significantly decreased 6 months after surgery (from 541.4 +/- 242.4 nM to 382.4 +/- 042.1 nM, P=.004), but did not change further after 14 months (460.2 +/- 244.9 nM), despite further reduction in BMI (P=.050). GH con- stantly increased throughout the study from 0.076 +/- 0.149ng/ml, to 0.410 +/- 0.509 ng/ml at 6 months (NS), to 1.224 +/- 738 ng/ml at 14 months after surgery (P=.001). DHEA, DHEA-S and ghrelin plasma levels remained stable throughout the study. Conclusions: GH levels showed a persistent increase during the 14 months following LAGB in association with the weight loss, while a transient decrease in cortisol levels occurred at the 6-months time-point. In contrast, ghrelin, DHEA and DHEA-S were not altered after surgery. The association between GH and cortisol secretion and surgical- and nonsurgical-induced weight reduction merits further investigation.