Heterogeneous, Three-Dimensional Texturing of Graphene

We report a single-step strategy to achieve heterogeneous, three-dimensional (3D) texturing of graphene and,graphite by using thermally activated shape-memory polymer substrate. Uniform arrays of graphene crumples can be Created on the centimeter scale:by controlling simple thermal processing parameters :,without compromising the electrical properties, of graphene. In addition, we show the,capability to selectively pattern. crumples from otherwise flat graphene and graphene/graphite in a localized manner, which has not been previously achievable using other methods. Finally, we demonstrate 3D crumpled graphene field-effect transistor arrays in a solution-gated configuration. The presented approach has the capability to conform onto arbitrary 3D surfaces, a necessary prerequisite for adaptive electronics, and will enable facile large-scale topography engineering of not only graphene but also other thin-film and 2D materials in the future.