A Constraint on Primordial B-modes from the First Flight of the Spider Balloon-borne Telescope

被引:49
作者
Ade, P. A. R. [1 ]
Amiri, M. [2 ]
Benton, S. J. [3 ]
Bergman, A. S. [3 ]
Bihary, R. [4 ]
Bock, J. J. [5 ,6 ]
Bond, J. R. [7 ]
Bonetti, J. A. [6 ]
Bryan, S. A. [8 ]
Chiang, H. C. [9 ,10 ]
Contaldi, C. R. [11 ]
Dore, O. [5 ,6 ]
Duivenvoorden, A. J. [3 ,12 ]
Eriksen, H. K. [13 ]
Farhang, M. [7 ,14 ,15 ]
Filippini, J. P. [16 ,17 ]
Fraisse, A. A. [3 ]
Freese, K. [12 ,18 ]
Galloway, M. [13 ]
Gambrel, A. E. [19 ]
Gandilo, N. N. [20 ]
Ganga, K. [21 ]
Gualtieri, R. [22 ]
Gudmundsson, J. E. [12 ]
Halpern, M. [2 ]
Hartley, J. [23 ]
Hasselfield, M. [24 ]
Hilton, G. [25 ]
Holmes, W. [6 ]
Hristov, V. V. [5 ]
Huang, Z. [7 ]
Irwin, K. D. [26 ,27 ]
Jones, W. C. [3 ]
Karakci, A. [13 ]
Kuo, C. L. [26 ]
Kermish, Z. D. [3 ]
Leung, J. S-Y [15 ,28 ]
Li, S. [3 ,29 ]
Mak, D. S. Y. [11 ]
Mason, P., V [5 ]
Megerian, K. [6 ]
Moncelsi, L. [5 ]
Morford, T. A. [5 ]
Nagy, J. M. [30 ,31 ]
Netterfield, C. B. [15 ,23 ]
Nolta, M. [7 ]
O'Brient, R. [6 ]
Osherson, B. [16 ]
Padilla, I. L. [15 ,32 ]
Racine, B. [13 ]
机构
[1] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales
[2] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
[3] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
[4] Case Western Reserve Univ, Phys Dept, 10900 Euclid Ave,Rockefeller Bldg, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
[5] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, MS 367-17,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
[6] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
[7] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, 60 St George St, St George, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
[8] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, 650 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
[9] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Rue Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada
[10] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Durban, South Africa
[11] Imperial Coll London, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England
[12] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[13] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, POB 1029, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
[14] Shahid Beheshti Univ, Dept Phys, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
[15] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
[16] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
[17] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
[18] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, 2515 Speedway,C1600, Austin, TX 78712 USA
[19] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
[20] Steward Observ, 933 North Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
[21] Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France
[22] Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
[23] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
[24] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 520 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
[25] NIST, 325 Broadway Mailcode 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA
[26] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[27] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA
[28] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
[29] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Engn Quadrangle, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
[30] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, 1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
[31] Washington Univ, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, 1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
[32] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3701 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
[33] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
[34] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
基金
加拿大创新基金会; 美国国家航空航天局; 瑞典研究理事会; 加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
MICROWAVE BACKGROUND DATA; ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; CIRCULAR-POLARIZATION; LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATOR; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; ANISOTROPY; DESIGN; POLARIMETRY; BOLOMETERS; TRANSITION;
D O I
10.3847/1538-4357/ac20df
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
We present the first linear polarization measurements from the 2015 long-duration balloon flight of Spider, which is an experiment that is designed to map the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on degree angular scales. The results from these measurements include maps and angular power spectra from observations of 4.8% of the sky at 95 and 150 GHz, along with the results of internal consistency tests on these data. While the polarized CMB anisotropy from primordial density perturbations is the dominant signal in this region of sky, Galactic dust emission is also detected with high significance. Galactic synchrotron emission is found to be negligible in the Spider bands. We employ two independent foreground-removal techniques to explore the sensitivity of the cosmological result to the assumptions made by each. The primary method uses a dust template derived from Planck data to subtract the Galactic dust signal. A second approach, which constitutes a joint analysis of Spider and Planck data in the harmonic domain, assumes a modified-blackbody model for the spectral energy distribution of the dust with no constraint on its spatial morphology. Using a likelihood that jointly samples the template amplitude and r parameter space, we derive 95% upper limits on the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio from Feldman-Cousins and Bayesian constructions, finding r < 0.11 and r < 0.19, respectively. Roughly half the uncertainty in r derives from noise associated with the template subtraction. New data at 280 GHz from Spider's second flight will complement the Planck polarization maps, providing powerful measurements of the polarized Galactic dust emission.
引用
收藏
页数:26
相关论文
共 88 条
[1]  
Abazajian K. N., 2016, ARXIV161002743, Patent No. 161002743
[2]   Planck 2015 results I. Overview of products and scientific results [J].
Adam, R. ;
Ade, P. A. R. ;
Aghanim, N. ;
Akrami, Y. ;
Alves, M. I. R. ;
Argueeso, F. ;
Arnaud, M. ;
Arroja, F. ;
Ashdown, M. ;
Aumont, J. ;
Baccigalupi, C. ;
Ballardini, M. ;
Banday, A. J. ;
Barreiro, R. B. ;
Bartlett, J. G. ;
Bartolo, N. ;
Basak, S. ;
Battaglia, P. ;
Battaner, E. ;
Battye, R. ;
Benabed, K. ;
Benoit, A. ;
Benoit-Levy, A. ;
Bernard, J. -P. ;
Bersanelli, M. ;
Bertincourt, B. ;
Bielewicz, P. ;
Bikmaev, I. ;
Bock, J. J. ;
Boehringer, H. ;
Bonaldi, A. ;
Bonavera, L. ;
Bond, J. R. ;
Borrill, J. ;
Bouchet, F. R. ;
Boulanger, F. ;
Bucher, M. ;
Burenin, R. ;
Burigana, C. ;
Butler, R. C. ;
Calabrese, E. ;
Cardoso, J. -F. ;
Carvalho, P. ;
Casaponsa, B. ;
Castex, G. ;
Catalano, A. ;
Challinor, A. ;
Chamballu, A. ;
Chary, R. -R. ;
Chiang, H. C. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2016, 594
[3]   Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves Using Planck, WMAP, and New BICEP2/Keck Observations through the 2015 Season [J].
Ade, P. A. R. ;
Ahmed, Z. ;
Aikin, R. W. ;
Alexander, K. D. ;
Barkats, D. ;
Benton, S. J. ;
Bischoff, C. A. ;
Bock, J. J. ;
Bowens-Rubin, R. ;
Brevik, J. A. ;
Buder, I. ;
Bullock, E. ;
Buza, V. ;
Connors, J. ;
Cornelison, J. ;
Crill, B. P. ;
Crumrine, M. ;
Dierickx, M. ;
Duband, L. ;
Dvorkin, C. ;
Filippini, J. P. ;
Fliescher, S. ;
Grayson, J. ;
Hall, G. ;
Halpern, M. ;
Harrison, S. ;
Hildebrandt, S. R. ;
Hilton, G. C. ;
Hui, H. ;
Irwin, K. D. ;
Kang, J. ;
Karkare, K. S. ;
Karpel, E. ;
Kaufman, J. P. ;
Keating, B. G. ;
Kefeli, S. ;
Kernasovskiy, S. A. ;
Kovac, J. M. ;
Kuo, C. L. ;
Larsen, N. A. ;
Lau, K. ;
Leitch, E. M. ;
Lueker, M. ;
Megerian, K. G. ;
Moncelsi, L. ;
Namikawa, T. ;
Netterfield, C. B. ;
Nguyen, H. T. ;
O'Brient, R. ;
Ogburn, R. W. .
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2018, 121 (22)
[4]   Planck 2015 results XIII. Cosmological parameters [J].
Ade, P. A. R. ;
Aghanim, N. ;
Arnaud, M. ;
Ashdown, M. ;
Aumont, J. ;
Baccigalupi, C. ;
Banday, A. J. ;
Barreiro, R. B. ;
Bartlett, J. G. ;
Bartolo, N. ;
Battaner, E. ;
Battye, R. ;
Benabed, K. ;
Benoit, A. ;
Benoit-Levy, A. ;
Bernard, J. -P. ;
Bersanelli, M. ;
Bielewicz, P. ;
Bock, J. J. ;
Bonaldi, A. ;
Bonavera, L. ;
Bond, J. R. ;
Borrill, J. ;
Bouchet, F. R. ;
Boulanger, F. ;
Bucher, M. ;
Burigana, C. ;
Butler, R. C. ;
Calabrese, E. ;
Cardoso, J. -F. ;
Catalano, A. ;
Challinor, A. ;
Chamballu, A. ;
Chary, R. -R. ;
Chiang, H. C. ;
Chluba, J. ;
Christensen, P. R. ;
Church, S. ;
Clements, D. L. ;
Colombi, S. ;
Colombo, L. P. L. ;
Combet, C. ;
Coulais, A. ;
Crill, B. P. ;
Curto, A. ;
Cuttaia, F. ;
Danese, L. ;
Davies, R. D. ;
Davis, R. J. ;
de Bernardis, P. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2016, 594
[5]   Planck 2015 results XXVI. The Second Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources [J].
Ade, P. A. R. ;
Aghanim, N. ;
Argueeso, F. ;
Arnaud, M. ;
Ashdown, M. ;
Aumont, J. ;
Baccigalupi, C. ;
Banday, A. J. ;
Barreiro, R. B. ;
Bartolo, N. ;
Battaner, E. ;
Beichman, C. ;
Benabed, K. ;
Benoit, A. ;
Benoit-Levy, A. ;
Bernard, J. -P. ;
Bersanelli, M. ;
Bielewicz, P. ;
Bock, J. J. ;
Boehringer, H. ;
Bonaldi, A. ;
Bonavera, L. ;
Bond, J. R. ;
Borrill, J. ;
Bouchet, F. R. ;
Boulanger, F. ;
Bucher, M. ;
Burigana, C. ;
Butler, R. C. ;
Calabrese, E. ;
Cardoso, J. -F. ;
Carvalho, P. ;
Catalano, A. ;
Challinor, A. ;
Chamballu, A. ;
Chary, R. -R. ;
Chiang, H. C. ;
Christensen, P. R. ;
Clemens, M. ;
Clements, D. L. ;
Colombi, S. ;
Colombo, L. P. L. ;
Combet, C. ;
Couchot, F. ;
Coulais, A. ;
Crill, B. P. ;
Curto, A. ;
Cuttaia, F. ;
Danese, L. ;
Davies, R. D. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2016, 594
[6]   BICEP2. III. INSTRUMENTAL SYSTEMATICS [J].
Ade, P. A. R. ;
Aikin, R. W. ;
Barkats, D. ;
Benton, S. J. ;
Bischoff, C. A. ;
Bock, J. J. ;
Brevik, J. A. ;
Buder, I. ;
Bullock, E. ;
Dowell, C. D. ;
Duband, L. ;
Filippini, J. P. ;
Fliescher, S. ;
Golwala, S. R. ;
Halpern, M. ;
Hasselfield, M. ;
Hildebrandt, S. R. ;
Hilton, G. C. ;
Irwin, K. D. ;
Karkare, K. S. ;
Kaufman, J. P. ;
Keating, B. G. ;
Kernasovskiy, S. A. ;
Kovac, J. M. ;
Kuo, C. L. ;
Leitch, E. M. ;
Lueker, M. ;
Netterfield, C. B. ;
Nguyen, H. T. ;
O'Brient, R. ;
Ogburn, R. W. ;
Orlando, A. ;
Pryke, C. ;
Richter, S. ;
Schwarz, R. ;
Sheehy, C. D. ;
Staniszewski, Z. K. ;
Sudiwala, R. V. ;
Teply, G. P. ;
Tolan, J. E. ;
Turner, A. D. ;
Vieregg, A. G. ;
Wong, C. L. ;
Yoon, K. W. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2015, 814 (02)
[7]   ANTENNA-COUPLED TES BOLOMETERS USED IN BICEP2, Keck Array, AND SPIDER [J].
Ade, P. A. R. ;
Aikin, R. W. ;
Amiri, M. ;
Barkats, D. ;
Benton, S. J. ;
Bischoff, C. A. ;
Bock, J. J. ;
Bonetti, J. A. ;
Brevik, J. A. ;
Buder, I. ;
Bullock, E. ;
Chattopadhyay, G. ;
Davis, G. ;
Day, P. K. ;
Dowell, C. D. ;
Duband, L. ;
Filippini, J. P. ;
Fliescher, S. ;
Golwala, S. R. ;
Halpern, M. ;
Hasselfield, M. ;
Hildebrandt, S. R. ;
Hilton, G. C. ;
Hristov, V. ;
Hui, H. ;
Irwin, K. D. ;
Jones, W. C. ;
Karkare, K. S. ;
Kaufman, J. P. ;
Keating, B. G. ;
Kefeli, S. ;
Kernasovskiy, S. A. ;
Kovac, J. M. ;
Kuo, C. L. ;
Leduc, H. G. ;
Leitch, E. M. ;
Llombart, N. ;
Lueker, M. ;
Mason, P. ;
Megerian, K. ;
Moncelsi, L. ;
Netterfield, C. B. ;
Nguyen, H. T. ;
O'Brient, R. ;
Ogburn, R. W. ;
Orlando, A. ;
Pryke, C. ;
Rahlin, A. S. ;
Reintsema, C. D. ;
Richter, S. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2015, 812 (02)
[8]   Planck 2013 results. IX. HFI spectral response [J].
Ade, P. A. R. ;
Aghanim, N. ;
Armitage-Caplan, C. ;
Arnaud, M. ;
Ashdown, M. ;
Atrio-Barandela, F. ;
Aumont, J. ;
Baccigalupi, C. ;
Banday, A. J. ;
Barreiro, R. B. ;
Battaner, E. ;
Benabed, K. ;
Benoit, A. ;
Benoit-Levy, A. ;
Bernard, J. -P. ;
Bersanelli, M. ;
Bielewicz, P. ;
Bobin, J. ;
Bock, J. J. ;
Bond, J. R. ;
Borrill, J. ;
Bouchet, F. R. ;
Boulanger, F. ;
Bridges, M. ;
Bucher, M. ;
Burigana, C. ;
Cardoso, J. -F. ;
Catalano, A. ;
Challinor, A. ;
Chamballu, A. ;
Chary, R. -R. ;
Chen, X. ;
Chiang, H. C. ;
Chiang, L. -Y ;
Christensen, P. R. ;
Church, S. ;
Clements, D. L. ;
Colombi, S. ;
Colombo, L. P. L. ;
Combet, C. ;
Comis, B. ;
Couchot, F. ;
Coulais, A. ;
Crill, B. P. ;
Curto, A. ;
Cuttaia, F. ;
Danese, L. ;
Davies, R. D. ;
de Bernardis, P. ;
de Rosa, A. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2014, 571
[9]   BICEP2. II. EXPERIMENT AND THREE-YEAR DATA SET [J].
Ade, P. A. R. ;
Aikin, R. W. ;
Amiri, M. ;
Barkats, D. ;
Benton, S. J. ;
Bischoff, C. A. ;
Bock, J. J. ;
Brevik, J. A. ;
Buder, I. ;
Bullock, E. ;
Davis, G. ;
Day, P. K. ;
Dowell, C. D. ;
Duband, L. ;
Filippini, J. P. ;
Fliescher, S. ;
Golwala, S. R. ;
Halpern, M. ;
Hasselfield, M. ;
Hildebrandt, S. R. ;
Hilton, G. C. ;
Irwin, K. D. ;
Karkare, K. S. ;
Kaufman, J. P. ;
Keating, B. G. ;
Kernasovskiy, S. A. ;
Kovac, J. M. ;
Kuo, C. L. ;
Leitch, E. M. ;
Llombart, N. ;
Lueker, M. ;
Netterfield, C. B. ;
Nguyen, H. T. ;
O'Brient, R. ;
Ogburn, R. W. ;
Orlando, A. ;
Pryke, C. ;
Reintsema, C. D. ;
Richter, S. ;
Schwarz, R. ;
Sheehy, C. D. ;
Staniszewski, Z. K. ;
Story, K. T. ;
Sudiwala, R. V. ;
Teply, G. P. ;
Tolan, J. E. ;
Turner, A. D. ;
Vieregg, A. G. ;
Wilson, P. ;
Wong, C. L. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2014, 792 (01)
[10]   Detection of B-Mode Polarization at Degree Angular Scales by BICEP2 [J].
Ade, P. A. R. ;
Aikin, R. W. ;
Barkats, D. ;
Benton, S. J. ;
Bischoff, C. A. ;
Bock, J. J. ;
Brevik, J. A. ;
Buder, I. ;
Bullock, E. ;
Dowell, C. D. ;
Duband, L. ;
Filippini, J. P. ;
Fliescher, S. ;
Golwala, S. R. ;
Halpern, M. ;
Hasselfield, M. ;
Hildebrandt, S. R. ;
Hilton, G. C. ;
Hristov, V. V. ;
Irwin, K. D. ;
Karkare, K. S. ;
Kaufman, J. P. ;
Keating, B. G. ;
Kernasovskiy, S. A. ;
Kovac, J. M. ;
Kuo, C. L. ;
Leitch, E. M. ;
Lueker, M. ;
Mason, P. ;
Netterfield, C. B. ;
Nguyen, H. T. ;
O'Brient, R. ;
Ogburn, R. W. ;
Orlando, A. ;
Pryke, C. ;
Reintsema, C. D. ;
Richter, S. ;
Schwarz, R. ;
Sheehy, C. D. ;
Staniszewski, Z. K. ;
Sudiwala, R. V. ;
Teply, G. P. ;
Tolan, J. E. ;
Turner, A. D. ;
Vieregg, A. G. ;
Wong, C. L. ;
Yoon, K. W. .
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 2014, 112 (24)