Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs and their potential roles in the therapeutic heterogeneity of sacubitril/valsartan in heart failure patients after acute myocardial infarction

BackgroundIt has been reported that sacubitril/valsartan can improve cardiac function in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients complicated by heart failure (HF). However, a number of patients cannot be treated successfully; this phenomenon is called sacubitril/valsartan resistance (SVR), and the mechanisms remain unclear. MethodsIn our present research, the expression profiles of transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) in SVR along with no sacubitril/valsartan resistance (NSVR) patients were determined by RNA sequencing. Through bioinformatics, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and cell-based experiments, we identified SVR-related tsRNAs and confirmed their diagnostic value, predicted their targeted genes, and explored the enriched signal pathways as well as regulatory roles of tsRNAs in SVR. ResultsOur research indicated that 36 tsRNAs were upregulated and that 21 tsRNAs were downregulated in SVR. Among these tsRNAs, the expression of tRF-59:76-Tyr-GTA-2-M3 and tRF-60:76-Val-AAC-1-M5 was upregulated, while the expression of tRF-1:29-Gly-GCC-1 was downregulated in the group of SVR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that these three tsRNAs were potential biomarkers of the therapeutic heterogeneity of sacubitril/valsartan. Moreover, tRF-60:76-Val-AAC-1-M5 might target Tnfrsf10b and Bcl2l1 to influence the observed therapeutic heterogeneity through the lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathways. ConclusionHence, tsRNA might play a vital role in SVR. These discoveries provide new insights for the mechanistic investigation of responsiveness to sacubitril/valsartan.