Prolactin secretion patterns: basic mechanisms and clinical implications for reproduction

被引:63
作者
Egli, Marcel [2 ]
Leeners, Brigitte [3 ]
Kruger, Tillmann H. C. [1 ]
机构
[1] Hannover Med Sch, Dept Psychiat Social Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Lab Sexual Med, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
[2] ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich, Space Biol Grp, CH-8005 Zurich, Switzerland
[3] Univ Zurich Hosp, Clin Reprod Endocrinol, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
关键词
HUMAN LUTEAL CELLS; SEXUAL AROUSAL; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS; DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; CORPUS-LUTEUM; MESSENGER-RNA; NEUROENDOCRINE RESPONSE; PROGESTERONE SECRETION; GENE-EXPRESSION; INDUCED ORGASM;
D O I
10.1530/REP-10-0033
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Prolactin (PRL) is one of the most versatile hormones in the mammalian body affecting reproductive, sexual, metabolic, immune, and other functions. It is therefore not surprising that the neural control of PRL secretion is complex, involving the coordinated actions of several hypothalamic nuclei. A plethora of experimental data exists on the hypothalamic control of hormone secretion under various physiological stimuli. There have been even mathematical models and computer studies published, which help to understand the complex hypothalamic-pituitary network. Nevertheless, the putative role of PRL for human reproduction still has to be clarified. Here, we review data on the underlying mechanisms controlling PRL secretion using both experimental and mathematical approaches. These investigations primarily focus on rhythmic secretion in rats during early pregnancy or pseudopregnancy, and they point to the important role of oxytocin as a crucial PRL-releasing factor. Recent data on human studies and their theoretical and clinical implications are reviewed as well. In particular, studies demonstrating a sustained PRL surge after sexual climax in males and females are presented, indicating possible implications for both sexual satiation and reproductive functions. Taking these data together, there is evidence for the hypothesis that the PRL surge induced by sexual activity, together with the altered PRL rhythmic pattern, is important for successful initialization of pregnancy not only in rodents but also possibly in humans. However, further investigations are needed to clarify such a role in humans. Reproduction (2010) 140 643-654
引用
收藏
页码:643 / 654
页数:12
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