A Non-canonical Pathway from Cochlea to Brain Signals Tissue-Damaging Noise

被引:107
作者
Flores, Emma N. [1 ]
Duggan, Anne [1 ]
Madathany, Thomas [1 ]
Hogan, Ann K. [1 ]
Marquez, Freddie G. [1 ]
Kumar, Gagan [1 ]
Seal, Rebecca P. [5 ,6 ]
Edwards, Robert H. [5 ,6 ]
Liberman, M. Charles [7 ,8 ]
Garcia-Anoveros, Jaime [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Northwestern Univ, Dept Anesthesiol, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
[2] Northwestern Univ, Dept Neurol, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
[3] Northwestern Univ, Dept Physiol, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
[4] Northwestern Univ, Hugh Knowles Ctr Clin & Basic Sci Hearing & Its D, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
[5] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
[6] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Physiol, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
[7] Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Eaton Peabody Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA
[8] Harvard Univ, Dept Otol & Laryngol, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA
关键词
OUTER HAIR-CELLS; VESICULAR GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER-3; AUDITORY-NERVE FIBERS; SPIRAL GANGLION-CELLS; GUINEA-PIG; CENTRAL TRAJECTORIES; RECIPROCAL SYNAPSES; AFFERENT-FIBERS; MOUSE; MICE;
D O I
10.1016/j.cub.2015.01.009
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Intense noise damages the cochlear organ of Corti, particularly the outer hair cells (OHCs) [1]; however, this epithelium is not innervated by nociceptors of somatosensory ganglia, which detect damage elsewhere in the body. The only sensory neurons innervating the organ of Corti originate from the spiral ganglion, roughly 95% of which innervate exclusively inner hair cells (IHCs) [2-4]. Upon sound stimulation, IHCs release glutamate to activate AMPA-type receptors on these myelinated type-I neurons, which carry the neuronal signals to the cochlear nucleus. The remaining spiral ganglion cells (type IIs) are unmyelinated and contact OHCs [2-4]. Their function is unknown. Using immunoreactivity to cFos, we documented neuronal activation in the brainstem of Vglut3(-/-) mice, in which the canonical auditory pathway (activation of type-I afferents by glutamate released from inner hair cells) is silenced [5, 6]. In these deaf mice, we found responses to noxious noise, which damages hair cells, but not to innocuous noise, in neurons of the cochlear nucleus, but not in the vestibular or trigeminal nuclei. This response originates in the cochlea and not in other areas also stimulated by intense noise (middle ear and vestibule) as it was absent in CD1 mice with selective cochlear degeneration but normal vestibular and somatosensory function. These data imply the existence of an alternative neuronal pathway from cochlea to brainstem that is activated by tissue-damaging noise and does not require glutamate release from IHCs. This detection of noise-induced tissue damage, possibly by type-II cochlear afferents, represents a novel form of sensation that we term auditory nociception.
引用
收藏
页码:606 / 612
页数:7
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